Phytophthora megakarya
Jan 15, 2021 · Phytophthora megakarya and Phytophthora palmivora cause black pod rot of cacao. P. megakarya occurs in Africa while P. palmivora is distributed world-wide. P. palmivora has a higher temperature ... The study by Zhu et al. reports that the Phytophthora sojae effector PsAvh413 increases the enzyme activity of soybean trehalose 6-phosphate synthase (GmTPS), which …Cocoa black pod rot, due to several Phytophthora spp., like Phytophthora megakarya, is the most important disease worldwide and the main cocoa disease in Africa, responsible for yield losses up to 50-80% in the absence of control measures. In this
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Phytophthora palmivora occurs in the center of origin of cocoa and causes 44 percent global crop loss. Phytophthora megakarya is restricted to Cameroon, Nigeria, Togo, and Ghana, causing about 10 percent crop loss. Phytophthora capsici parasitizes cocoa in Central and South America.Phytophthora megakarya (Pmeg) and P. palmivora (Ppal) are oomycete pathogens that cause black pod rot of cacao (Theobroma cacao), the most economically important disease on cacao globally.Nana et al. (2015) estimated the MIC of clove EO on Phytophthora megakarya at 250 μL/L on solid medium. For P. parasitica, the highest anti-oomycete activity was highlighted for clove EO with ...megakarya which is the most aggressive in the country (80% losses). This study was aimed at dete rmining the clonal resistance of six cocoa clones (IMC67, SCA12, TAFO79/501, TAFO79/467 ICS40 ...Phytophthora (Fy-TOFF-thor-uh) species make up a group of microorganisms that are important plant pathogens. The name Phytophthora derives from Greek and literally means “plant destroyer.” Phytophthora species resemble fungi but are not. While they are most closely related to aquatic organisms, such as brown algae and diatoms, they can also exist on land. However, Phytophthora organisms ...Studying spatial and temporal plant disease dynamics helps us to understand pathogen dispersal processes and improve disease control recommendations. In this study, three cacao plots devoid of primary inoculum of Phytophthora megakarya (causal agent of cacao black pod rot disease) upon establishment in 2006 were monitored for presence of …Aug 1, 2022 · Flavonoids are phenolic compounds involved in defense mechanisms against black pod disease (BPD). Crossing between Forastero and Trinitario-resistant cocoa genotypes usually produce resistant progenies with high contents of bioactive components. This study aims at analyzing flavan-3-ol and flavonol content in the defense against P. megakarya in T. cacao genotypes for their potential selection ... Phytophthora megakarya is an oomycete plant pathogen that causes black pod disease in cocoa trees in west and central Africa. This pathogen can cause detrimental loss of yield in the economically important cocoa industry, worth approximately $70 billion annually. It can damage any part of the … See moreMicrosatellite markers for population studies of Phytophthora megakarya (Pythiaceae), a cacao pathogen in Africa Michael Mbenoun 2012, American Journal of BotanyPhytophthora megakarya is an increasingly important invasive pathogen of cocoa in West Africa, where it forms part of the black-pod disease complex together with the more widespread, but less ...Phytophthora pod rot (Black pod disease)-Ghana: Phytophthora megakarya and Phytophthora palmivora; Anonom, Asukuo, Kokoo proye Authors : A. Y. Akrofi , E. Moses Authors Info & Affiliations Publication : PlantwisePlus Knowledge BankMolecular and morphological identification of Phytophthora species based on the types and other well-authenticated specimens. IDphy was developed to facilitate accurate and efficient identification of Phytophthora to species, using type specimens from the original descriptions for reference wherever possible.IDphy emphasizes species of high economic impact and species of regulatory concern for ...Phytophthora species produce a protein that has a similar sequence to the NEP1 of Fusarium oxysporium. Multiple copies of NEP1 orthologues have been identified in a P. megakarya strain and in four other Phytophthora species (P. citrophthora, P. capsici, P. palmivora and P. sojae) (Bae et al., 2005).In African cacao-producing countries, control of cacao Pod rot, caused by several species belonging to the genus P Many Phytophthora species have a soil borne phase in their natural life cycles even though disease expression often occurs on aerial plant parts. In Cameroon, black pod rot of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), is caused by P. megakarya. Primary inoculum ofDiseases are a major production constraint wherever cocoa (Theobroma cacao) is grown. The principal method of ameliorating cocoa production is the use of hybrid clones, which have resistance to important diseases and high productivity. To select new genotypes with resistance to Phytophtora megakarya, the cause of the destructive black pod disease, comparative analyses (quantitative and ... EFFET DES TRAITEMENTS DU SOL SUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT DE L Phytophthora spp. in Clade 4: portion of the seven-loci ML phylogeny featuring the type cultures of 212 described species (by T. Bourret).Notice the position of P. megakarya selected specimen CBS 238.83 = S&T BL 73. Recently, a number of researchers have shown interest in finding o
Phytophthora megakarya est responsable de la pourriture brune qui ravage le cacaoyer en Afrique, mettant en peril la production mondiale de cacao. Cet agent pathogene endemique a l'Afrique y a probablement emerge suite a l'introduction du cacaoyer au 19e siecle. L'hypothese la plus probable est celle d'un saut d'hote a partir d'une plante ...Phytophthora megakarya is a plant pathogen that causes black pod disease in cocoa trees in West and Central Africa. This pathogen can cause detrimental loss of yield in the economically important cocoa industry. It can damage any part of the tree, causing a wide range in the reduction of yield. A miTheobroma cacao seedling growth and tolerance to Phytophthora megakarya (causal agent of black pod disease) by heat-treated oyster shell powder nursery soil amendmen, Am. J. Plant.Phytophthora megakarya has spread westwards from Cameroon through Nigeria and Togo, to the major cocoa producing countries of Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire, and southwards to Gabon and Equatorial Guinea. Phytophthora megakarya has become the main yield-limiting factor in cocoa production in the sub region, rapidly surpassing P. palmivora.Cacao black pod rot (BPR), caused by Phytophthora megakarya is the most important cacao disease in Cameroon. Biocontrol of this disease using an oil-based formulation of Trichoderma asperellum PR11 provided more consistent and long-lasting protection of cacao pods under laboratory and experimental plot conditions. The objective of this study was to test this formulation under farmer field ...
Studying spatial and temporal plant disease dynamics helps us to understand pathogen dispersal processes and improve disease control recommendations. In this study, three cacao plots devoid of primary inoculum of Phytophthora megakarya (causal agent of cacao black pod rot disease) upon establishment in 2006 were monitored for presence of disease on a weekly basis from 2009 to 2016. Ripley's ...2004. TLDR. One hundred and five promising resistant genotypes were identified among the 816 cacao accessions evaluated for resistance to Phytophthora pod rot, reinforcing the idea of a pre-breeding programme (germplasm enhancement) to accumulate resistance genes over several populations as a strategy for improving the genetic base of ...The aim of this study was to assess the chemical composition and the antimicrobial activity of essential oils of dried fruits and buds of Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides (Z. xanthoxyloides) and Syzygium aromaticum (S. aromaticum or clove), respectively, against Phytophthora megakarya (P. megakarya).Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation, and their composition was determined by gas ...…
Reader Q&A - also see RECOMMENDED ARTICLES & FAQs. Nana et al. (2015) estimated the MIC of clove. Possible cause: In P. megakarya infection areas look for canker symptoms mainly on lower parts of t.
Nov 17, 2021 · (From Brasier and Griffin, 1979).P. megakarya is a member of Group II of Phytophthora, as defined by Stamps et al. (1990).It produces caducous papillate sporangia, is heterothallic and antheridia are amphigynous.Sporangia are limoniform, obpyriform or ellipsoid with rounded bases, varying from 20-60 x 13-41 µm, with a length-breadth ratio of 1.2-1.6, and are formed in a sympodium. In Cameroon, Phytophthora megakarya is the causal agent of black pod rot of cacao (Theobroma cacao L). Primary inoculum of P. megakarya is located in the soil. With the onset of the rainy season ...
Black pod rot, caused by Phytophthora megakarya, is the main cause of cocoa losses in Cameroon. A few studies have focused on describing black pod epidemics in cocoa yet numerous questions remain.The only economically important host of Phytophthora megakarya Brasier & Griffin is Theobroma cacao. The pathogen is one of several Phytophthora species causing black pod disease of cacao. Isolates of P. megakarya were grouped taxonomically with P. palmivora isolates until 1979, when it was recognized as a new species (Brasier and Griffin, 1979).
Phytophthora megakarya Taxonomy ID: 4795 (for refe susceptibility leaf to Phytophthora megakarya. (Singh and Islam, 2010) proving th at the in vitro . culture of P. nicotianae and T. harzianum together . led to a variety of interactions. P. ... In West and Central Africa, Phytophthora palmivora and P.megControl of Phytophthora megakarya, the causa Phytophthora megakarya is characterized by the shape of the caducous, globose to ovoid sporangia with medium pedicel and produced in loose sympodial sporangiophores, and also by the shape of the sexual stage. Specimens evaluated. Specimen #1: Phytophthora megakarya CPHST BL 22 = P1664 (World Phytophthora Collection)Pod rot caused by the oomycete Phytophthora mega- karya is t he most deva stat ing d iseas e of t he co coa plant, claiming up to 30 % of the world cocoa harvest The only economically important host of P In African cacao-producing countries, control of cacao black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya is a priority. Introducing biological control ...A severe black pod disease of cocoa in Ghana caused by Phytophthora megakarya was first reported in 1985, even though there is evidence that the fungus might have existed earlier. Until then, only Phytophthora palmivora which causes a less severe black pod disease was known in Ghana. Phytophthora megakarya is a devastating oomycetePhytophthora megakarya ( Pmeg ) and P. palmivora (The mating type determination permitted to Theobroma cacao seedling growth and tolerance to Phytophthora megakarya (causal agent of black pod disease) by heat-treated oyster shell powder nursery soil amendmen, Am. J. Plant.Nov 17, 2021 · This datasheet on Phytophthora megakarya covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Seedborne Aspects, Impacts, Prevention/Control, Further Information. Identity Preferred Scientific Name Phytophthora megakarya Brasier & M.J. Griffin Preferred Common Name black pod of cocoa 1. Introduction. Diseases caused by species The genus Phytophthora has been studied at the cellular level, suggesting that different developmental steps are induced by the expression of some specific genes. However, these studies have only been carried out on certain species, such as Phytophthora infestans and Phytophthora cactorum. ... Phytophthora megasperma and Phytophthora megakarya ...Effect of four strains of Trichoderma asperellum and Phytophthora megakarya infection on soluble phenol in leaves of cocoa seedlings. According to the Duncan test, means with the same letter are ... In African cacao-producing countries, control of cacao [2017. Phytophthora megakarya and Phytophthora palmivora54 the black pod disease caused by Phytophthora spp. Two of the sever Feb 14, 2017 · Plant materials. To identify the cacao responses to Pmeg and Ppal infection, various plant inoculation studies were carried out. For all the pod husk and leaf disc inoculation assays, Catongo cacao trees susceptible to Phytophthora; Crouzillat et al., 2000) were maintained in a USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD greenhouse at 60% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 12 h light at 25 ± 3°C and 12 h ...